| 显示联大系统信阳师范学院-英语语言学所有答案 |
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Language, broadly speaking, is a means of __________ communication.
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答案是：教师释疑：
verbal
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Language has many functions. We can use language to talk about itself. This function is __________.
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metalingual functionn
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Theory that primitive man made involuntary vocal noises while performing heavy work has been called the __________ theor
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yo-he-ho
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Linguistics is the __________ study of language.
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scientific
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One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of __________ over writing.
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speechh
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The description of a language as it changes through time is a __________ study.
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diachronic linguistic
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Saussure put forward two important concepts. __________ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all members o
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languee
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Linguistic potential is similar to Saussure’s langue and Chomsky’s __________.
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competence
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Consonant sounds can be either __________ or __________, while all vowel sounds are __________.
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voiced, voiceless, voicedd
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Consonant sounds can also be made when two organs of speech in the mouth are brought close together so that the air is p
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friction
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The qualities of vowels depend upon the position of the __________ and the lips.
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tonguee
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One element in the description of vowels is the part of the tongue which is at the highest point in the mouth. A second
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height
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Consonants differ from vowels in that the latter are produced without __________.
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obstructionn
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In phonological analysis the words fail / veil are distinguishable simply because of the two phonemes /f/ - /v/. This is
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pairs
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In English there are a number of __________, which are produced by moving from one vowel position to another through int
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diphthongss
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__________ refers to the phenomenon of sounds continually show the influence of their neighbors.
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Coarticulation
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__________ is the smallest linguistic unit.
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Phonemess
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Speech takes place when the organs of speech move to produce patterns of sound. These movements have an effect on the __
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air
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Define phoneme.
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phonological
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Explain the differences between registers and regional/social dialects. Give examples if necessary.
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same
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What are the four criteria for classifying English vowels. (4 points)
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position
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Explain complementary distribution with an example.
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situation
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The theory of __________ condition explains the fact that noun phrases appear only in subject and object positions.
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Case
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__________ are syntactic options of UG that allow general principles to operate in one wayy or another and contribute to
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Parameterss
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Case Grammar
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Case Grammar: It is an approach that stresses the relationship of elements in a sentence. It is a type of generative grammar developed by C. J. Fillmore in the late 1960s.
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LAD
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答案是：教师释疑：
LAD: LAD, that is Language Acquisition Device, is posited by Chomsky in the 1960s as a device effectively present in the minds of children by which a grammar of their native language is constructed.
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Suprasegmental feature
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Allomorph: It is any of the variant forms of a morpheme as conditioned by position or adjoining sounds.
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Sound assimilation
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Blending: It is a process of word-formation in which a new word is formed by combining the meanings and sounds of two words, one of which is not in its full form or both of which are not in their full forms, like newscast (news + broadcast), brunch (breakfast + lunch)
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_________ condition on case assignment states that a case assignor and a case recipient should stay adjacent to each oth
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Adjacency
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Major lexical categories are __________ categories in the sense that new words are constantly added.
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openn
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Proposition
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Proposition: It is the result of the abstraction of sentences, which are descriptions of states of affairs and which some writers see as a basic element of sentence meaning. For example, the two sentences “Caesar invaded Gaul” and “Gaul was invaded by Caesar” hold the same proposition.
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Entailment
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教师释疑：
Entailment: It is basically a semantic relation (or logical implication), and it can be clarified with the following sentences:a. Tom divorced Jane. b. Jane was Tom’s wife. In terms of truth value, the following relationships exist between these two sentences: when A is true, B must be also true; when B is false, A must also be false. When B is true, A may be true or false. Therefore we can say A entails B.
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What are the three kinds of antonymy?
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(Omit.)
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What are the sense relations between the following groups of words? Dogs, cats, pets, parrots; trunk, branches, tree, ro
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Hyponymy, metonymy or part-whole relationship
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In the complex sentence, the incorporated or subordinate clause is normally called an __________ clause
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embedded
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A __________ sentence contains two, or more, clauses, one of which is incorporated into the other.
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complexx
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Reference
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Reference: It is what a linguistic form refers to in the real world; it is a matter of the relationship between the form and the reality.
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Componential analysis
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Compositional analysis: It defines the meaning of a lexical element in terms of semantic components, or semantic features. For example, the meaning of the word boy may be analyzed into three components: HUMAN, YOUNG and MALE. Similarly girl may be analyzed into HUMAN, YOUNG and FEMALE.
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If we take it as rule that language is intimately related to culture, then how do the kinship words, such as uncle and a
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In China, Chinese has a more strict and complex relationship system. So in Chinese there are a lot more kinship words than in English.
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Is American English superior to African English? Why or why not?
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答案是：教师释疑：
American English is not superior to African English. As different branches of English, African English and American English are equal. Similar as they are, they are influenced by their respective cultural context and thus form respective systems of pronunciation, words and even grammar...
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The part of a sentence which comprises a finite verb or a verb phrase and which says something about the subject is gram
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predicate
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A __________ may be a noun or a noun phrase in a sentence that usually precedes the predicate.
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subjectt
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Regional dialect
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Regional dialect: Regional dialect, also social or class dialect, is a speech variety spoken by the members of a particular group or stratum of a speech community.
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Lingua franca
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答案是：教师释疑：
Lingua franca: A lingua franca is a variety of language that serves as a common speech for social contact among groups of people who speaks different native languages or dialects.
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Synchronic linguistics
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答案是：教师释疑：
Synchronic linguistics: It refers to the study of a language at a given point in time. The time studied may be either the present or a particular point in the past; synchronic analyses can also be made of dead languages, such as Latin. Synchronic linguistics is contrasted with diachronic linguistics, the study of a language over a period of time.
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Competence
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答案是：教师释疑：
Competence: It is an essential part of performance. It is the speaker’s knowledge of his or her language; that is, of its sound structure, its words, and its grammatical rules. Competence is, in a way, an encyclopedia of language. Moreover, the knowledge involved in competence is generally unconscious. A transformational-generative grammar is a model of competence.
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A __________ is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement, q
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sentence
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A __________ sentence consists of a single clause which contains a subject and a predicate and stands alone as its own s
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simplee
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Sociolinguistics
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答案是：教师释疑：
Sociolinguistics: Defined in its broadest way, sociolinguistics, a subdiscipline of linguistics, is the study of language in relation to society. It is concerned with language variation, language use, the impact of extra-linguistic factors on language use, etc.
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Register
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答案是：教师释疑：
Register: Register, also situational dialect, refers to the language variety appropriate for use in particular speech situations on which degrees of formality depends.
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Displacement
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答案是：教师释疑：
Displacement: It means that human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts, which are not present (in time and space) at the moment of communication.
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Design feature
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答案是：教师释疑：
Design feature: It refers to the defining properties of human language that tell the difference between human language and any system of animal communication.
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Bound morphemes are classified into two types: __________ and __________.
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affix,boundroot
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A word formed by derivation is called a __________, and a word formed by compounding is called a __________.
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derivative, compoundd
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Performative
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答案是：教师释疑：
Performative: In speech act theory an utterance which performs an act, such as Watch out (= a warning).
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Conversational implicature
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答案是：教师释疑：
Conversational implicature: In our daily life, speakers and listeners involved in conversation are generally cooperating with each other. In other words, when people are talking with each other, they must try to converse smoothly and successfully. In accepting speakers’ presuppositions, listeners have to assume that a speaker is not trying to mislead them. This sense of cooperation is simply one in which people having a conversation are not normally assumed to be trying to confuse, trick, or withhold relevant information from one another. However, in real communication, the intention of the speaker is often not the literal meaning of what he or she says. The real intention implied in the words is called conversational implicature.
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Q-principle (Horn)
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答案是：教师释疑：
Horn’s Q-principle: (1) Make your contribution sufficient (cf. quantity); (2) Say as much as you can (given R).
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Locutionary act
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答案是：教师释疑：
Locutionary act: A locutionary act is the saying of something which is meaningful and can be understood.
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Words are divided into simple, compound and derived words on the __________ level.
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答案是：教师释疑：
morpheme
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__________ is extremely productive, because English had lost most of its inflectional endings by the end of Middle Engli
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答案是：教师释疑：
conversionn
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