| 显示联大系统信阳师范学院-英语词汇学所有答案 |
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Vocabulary is the most ________ element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content.
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答案是：
unstable
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Perfect homonyms and polysemants are fully ________ with regard to spelling and pronunciation.
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答案是：
identical
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dictionary
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答案是：
Dictionary is a book which presents in alphabetical order the words of a language, with information as to their spelling, pronunciation, meaning usage, etc.
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specialization
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答案是：
the opposite of widening meanin9
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] conceptual meaning
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答案是：
conceptual meaning is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word meanin9
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What.s the fundamental difference between radiation and concatenation? Illustrate your points.
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答案是：
Radiation Concatenation i) primary meaning i) first sense
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How do you distinguish inflectional affixes and derivational affixes?
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答案是：
Inflectional affixes are affixes (1) attached to the end of words; (2) to indicate grammatical relationships, while derivational affixes are affixes; (3) added to other morphemes; (4) to create new words.
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Semantic ________ refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word
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答案是：motivation
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The formation of words by adding word-forming affixes to stems is called ________.
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答案是：
affixation
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We might say that free morphemes are free ________.
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答案是：roots
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Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: ________, semantic change and borrowing.
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答案是：
creation
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When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a ________ group of letters printed or written horiz
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答案是：meaningful
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semantic change
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答案是：
Semantic change means mn old word form which takes on a new meaning to meet the new need
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prefixation
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答案是：
Prefixation is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to stems
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extra-linguistic context
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答案是：extra．1inguistic context=non-linguistic context = physical situation
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How would you explain the difference between back formation and suffixation? Give examples to illustrate your point.
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答案是：A)Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases. B)Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation; it's the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes.
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What are the stylistic features of idioms?
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答案是：
(1)Many idioms were created in different professions, so they were trade-or profession-related, colloquial and informal. (2)Now most become a part of the common core, neither formal nor informal. (3)There are still many colloquialisms, slang expressions, literary expressions comparatively small in number.
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Some words can have two different types of antonyms at the same time, one being ________ and the other opposite
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答案是：negative
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Red, scarlet, mauve, violet, lavender, pansy, black, purple, etc, make up the ________field of colours‘
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答案是：
semantic
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Pavement‖ in British English and ―sidewalk‖ in American English have the same ________.
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答案是：
sense
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The chief function of ________ is not to change the word class of the stem, but to change its meaning.
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答案是：prefixes
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Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as ________ morphemes.
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答案是：
inflectional
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grammatical context
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答案是：
The meaning of a word that is influenced by the structure in which it occurs.
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concatenation
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答案是：
A semantic process in which each of the later meanings is related only to the preceding one like chains.
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collocative meaning
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答案是：The word-meaning which is suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion.
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What are the major differences between basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary?
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答案是：
(1)Basic word stock possesses five obvious characteristics，but nonbasic vocabulary doesn‘t (2)Basic word stock forms the common，core of the language，whereas nonbasic vocabulary deesn‘t belong to the common core of the language．
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What are the three areas to account for the difference between synonyms? Illustrate your points.
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答案是：
(I)difference in denotation (2)difference in connotation ． (3)difference in application
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Content words have both meanings, and ___________ meaning in particular.
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答案是：
1exical
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Compounds are different from free phrases in ___________ unit.
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答案是：semantic
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Context can help eliminate ambiguity, provide clues for inferring word-meaning and give ___________ of referents.
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答案是：indication
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The attitudes of classes have made inroads into lexical meaning in the case of elevation or ___________.
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答案是：
degradation
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The Norman Conquest in 1066 started a continual flow of ___________ words into English.
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答案是：
French
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free morphemes
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答案是：Free morphemes have complete meanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences. They are identical with root words.
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creation (as a mode of vocabulary development)
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答案是：
Creation refers to the formation of new words by using the existing materials, namely roots, affixes and other elements.
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idiom
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答案是：
Expressions that are not readily understandable from their literal meanings of individual elements.
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] What is semantic unity of idioms?
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答案是：
(1)an idiom may consist of more than one word，each has its meanin9，and part of speech· (2)has a single meaning (3)functions as one word—equivalent (4)In many ca8es，illogical relationship between the literal meaning of the constituent word and the meaning of the whole idiom
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Supply two examples to illustrate that the influx of borrowings has caused some words to change in meaning.
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答案是：
pig/pork, sheep/mutton In old English, animals and their meat shared the same name. with the Norman Conquest and borrowing of corresponding French words, the English words were kept only for live animals and the French words for the animals killed and brought to the table.
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Almost ,all affixes are ________morphemes because few can be used as independent words.
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答案是：
bound
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When a word with more than one meaning is used in unclear context, it creates________
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答案是：
ambiguity
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The relationship between sound and meaning is arbitrary or_______.
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答案是：conventional
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The word ____________has the old meaning "servant" and the elevated meaning "head of a ministry, "
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答案是：
minister
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______ meaning refers to the part of speech, tenses of verbs, etc.
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答案是：Grammatical
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connotation
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答案是：The associations suggested by the conceptual meaning
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homonym
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答案是：Words different in meaning but either identical both in sound and spelling or identical only in sound or spelling
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What is the remarkable feature of Longman Lexicon of Contemporary English ?
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答案是：
1）compiled on the principle of semantic field;(1分) 2）some 15,000 items classified into fourteen semantic fields of a practical everyday nature 3）subfields also included 4）semantically related words defining one another
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What is suffixation? Give an example to illustrate your point
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答案是：Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to sterms. Suffixes generally change the word class.For example, ―economy‖ is a verb, but ―employer‖ becomes a noun when the suffix –er is added to the stem ―employ‖.
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Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but have limited _____.
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答案是：productivity and collocability
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The opposite of semantic elevation in meaning change is called _____.
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答案是：degradation 或 pejoration
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Antonyms are classified on the basis of _____.
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答案是：
semantic opposition
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LDCE is a _____ dictionary.
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答案是：monolingual
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The same idiom may show _____ differences when it is used in different meanings including affective meaning
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答案是：stylistic
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morpheme
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答案是：
The smallest functional unit in the composition of words.
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monolingral dictionary
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答案是：
A dictionary written in one language, or a dictionary in which entries are defined in the same language.
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stylistic meaning
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答案是：
.The distinctive stylistic features of words which make them appropriate for different context.
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How do you account for the context function as indication of referents?
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答案是：
English has a large number of words such as now/then, here/there, i/you, this/that, used to refer directly to people， time， place， etc. without clear context， the reference can be very confusing. For example the word now always means the time of speaking, naturally referring to a past time when the speech took place in the past or a present moment if the person is speaking. It is the same with all referring expressions. Even a phrase like the Prime Minister may bring about ambuiguity without adequent verbal context, for it can be used to refer to any of the Prime Minister in British history.
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Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the characteristics of antonyms.
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答案是：
Contrary terms are gradable antonyms， differing in degree of intensity， so each has its own corresponding opposition. For example, hot and warm are synonyms. Their difference lies in intensity. Correspondingly, they each have a different antonym. The opposite of hot is cold and that of warm is cool. We cannot regard cool as the antonym of hot or cold as the antonym of warm.
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Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is ________________ context.
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答案是：
extralinguistic/non-linguistic
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In the phrase "the mouth of the river",the word "mouth" is _________________ motivated.
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答案是：
semantically
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CCELD is a ________________ dictionary.
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答案是：
monolingual
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The language used in England between 450 and 1150is called _________________.
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答案是：
OLD English
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