Passage 1
Since most episodes of depression are triggered (引发) by life events or circumstances, the causes of depression are different for everyone. In a very .general way, the direct answer to the question of what causes depression is; difficult circumstances. Understanding what.s "difficult" is akin to understanding pain thresholds. What one person finds difficult, another may not.
What we know is that depression is on the rise—or at least, the diagnosis of depression is on the rise. Not unlike other illnesses or diseases, when there is awareness and "active screening" for a particular condition fin this case, such screening is done through diagnostic catena listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, an often-criticized "recipe book" of psychiatric symptoms published by the American Psychiatric Association), there is a rise in the number of cases reported. In other words, when you.re looking for something, you.ll find it Of course, not looking for something doesn.t mean it isn.t there. The question remains: Is it better to seek out depression and treat it, ending unnecessary suffering? Many health care practitioners would answer, "Yes!"
Although there is some agreement among health care providers that depression is a biological state—in that brain chemistry is altered in depressed people—it is unusual for this to occur in the absence of an environmental trigger, meaning a life event or chronic situation. This can be an actual emotional trauma, such as a divorce or death; unresolved traumas from the past that have been buried; repressed anger (a significant contributing factor for many women); stress from the workplace; physical illness; and a million other things. When a life event triggers depression, mental health experts refer to the condition as "situational depression."
1. Generally speaking, depression is caused by ________.
A.difficult situations
B.bad news
C.failure in exam
D.the death of a relative
2. The word "akin" in the first paragraph probably means .
A. difficult
B.similar
C.important
D.necessary
3. The increase of the diagnosis of depression is mainly caused by .
A.the development of medicine
B.more funds for the research of depression
C.people.s awareness and active screening for it
D.the pressure of modern life
4. According to many health care practitioners, depression should be .
A.sought out and treated
B.ignored and forgotten
C.given immediate attention
D.diagnosed with modern equipment
5．According to the author, the important reason for many women to develop depression is
A. divorce or death
B.stress from the workplace
C.physical illness
D. repressed anger
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