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Confucianism is a way of thinking and living based on the ideas of Confucius, a great teacher and philosopher（哲学家） in ancient China. He lived over 2,500 years ago, during the Spring and Autumn Period. His teachings influenced many countries in Asia.
Who was Confucius?
Confucius, or Kongzi, was born in 551 BCE（公元前） in the State of LU (鲁国)(now in Shandong Province). He loved learning and became a teacher. He travelled to many places, teaching people how to be kind, respectful, and wise. His students wrote down his ideas in a book called The Analects of Confucius (《论语》).
The Main Ideas of Confucianism
Confucius believed that people should be kind, respectful, and responsible. Confucianism focuses on five important values.
Ren (仁)—Kindness and Love
We should care for others and treat them with kindness. If we help others, we make the world a better place.
Yi (义)—Doing the Right Thing
We should always try to do what is right, even when it is hard. Being brave and fair is part of Yi.
Li (礼)—Respect and Manners
Good manners are important. We should respect our parents, teachers, and elders. Saying “ thank you” and “sorry” is part of Li.
Zhi (智)—Wisdom
Learning is very important. Confucius said, “If you make a mistake and do not correct it, this is a real mistake.” (过而不改，是谓过矣。)
Xin (信)—Honesty and Trust
We should keep our promises and tell the truth. Trust between people is very important in life and friendship.
How Confucianism Affects Our Lives
Even today, Confucianism teaches us how to be good people. Many Chinese families follow these ideas. In school, we respect teachers and work hard to learn. At home, we listen to our parents and help with chores. These are all parts of Confucian values.
Famous Quote by Confucius
“ Is it not a delight to acquire knowledge and put it into practice?”(学而时习之，不亦说乎?)
阅读Passage One材料，完成本题
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答案是:A-16. What does “Li” mean in Confucianism?
A、 Learning and studying.
B、 Respect and manners.
C、Wealth and power.
D、 Fun and games.
学生答案：B
17、阅读Passage One材料，完成本题。
A-17. What is the best meaning of “Xin” in Confucianism?
A、Being polite and saying thank you.
B、 Being kind and helping others.
C、Telling the truth and keeping promises.
D、Studying hard and correcting mistakes.
学生答案：C
18、阅读Passage One材料，完成本题。
A-18. According to the passage, what does Confucius say about making mistakes?
A、Mistakes are fun.
B、Never make any mistakes.
C、If you make a mistake and do not correct it, it is a real mistake.
D、 Mistakes are not important.
学生答案：C
19、阅读Passage One材料，完成本题。
A-19. How do Confucian ideas affect our lives today?
A、They make us run faster.
B、They help us be kind, respect others, work hard, and care for our families.
C、They teach us how to cook.
D、They only affect people in China.
学生答案：B
出自
大学英语A252 江开系统
南京理工大学紫金学院
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